The gene responsible for a particular congenital cardiac anomaly is said to have complete penetrance. What are the clinical implications of this fact?
A) The anomaly is a result of polygenetic inheritance.
B) The heart defect does not result from any other gene.
C) Multiple alleles contribute to the defect.
D) All the individuals who possess the gene will exhibit the anomaly.
Ans: D
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Penetrance represents the ability of a gene to express its function, with complete, or 100%, penetrance, ensuring that all individuals possessing the gene will experience the phenotype in question. The disorder is not necessarily the result of multiple alleles or polygenetic inheritance, and complete penetrance does not mean that the disorder is a single-gene trait.
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