Relative identities are identities that . . .
a. Are determined by states’ historical and external dialogues with other states
b. Overlap and fuse based on norms and images that cannot be traced back to specific identities or their interrelationships
c. Position actors’ self-images with respect to one another as similar or dissimilar
d. Are derived from states’ unique national self-reflections and memories
c. Position actors’ self-images with respect to one another as similar or dissimilar
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Which of the following is true of the "surge" under the Bush administration in 2007?
A. It helped al Qaeda gain control over most of Iraq. B. It led to the complete withdrawal of the U.S. troops from Iraq. C. It resulted in many Sunnis allying with the Americans. D. It helped the insurgents in Iraq gain tremendous power. E. It funded the interethnic war in Iraq.
Research has shown that letters and phone calls from constituents to members of Congress are which of the following?
a. unwelcomed intrusions on their ability to make decisions b. almost always motivated by interest groups c. less influential than professional lobbyists d. a source of ideas for new laws and policies
In the 1964 case New York Times Co. v. Sullivan,
suit was brought against the New York Times for running a partially inaccurate advertisement by civil rights groups critical of police officials in Montgomery, Alabama. How did the Supreme Court rule? a) Criticism of police officials in the national media constitutes a "reckless disregard" of public safety. b) Police officials are allowed to collect damage for defamation for any statement that can be "patently proven to be untrue." c) The media cannot be sued for anything they say in print. d) Erroneous statements about public figures are inevitable and must be protected for free expression to survive
In about half of the states, voters can use this procedure to place legislative measures directly on the ballot by getting enough signatures.
A. Initiative B. Referendum C. Recall D. Logrolling E. Rollback