What is the level of proof required to search a place or seize an item or person?
A. absolute certainty
B. beyond a reasonable doubt
C. probable cause
D. preponderance of the evidence
Answer: C
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CHINS refers to:
a. youths whom courts determine need care and supervision. b. youths who commit status offenses. c. youths whom the courts declare are delinquent. d. youths who require placement in secure detention facilities.
According to Jocelyn Pollock, in recent years, the negative aspects of police values, beliefs and
behaviors have weakened somewhat. Which one of the following key factors is not responsible for this weakening? a. Increased diversity of police recruits. b. The growth of police unions. c. Civil Litigation. d. Supreme Court Decisions.
Which of the following factors is true and helped to make the RAND intensive supervision programs (ISP) study a criminological classic on the effects of deterrence?
a. the study used stratified random sampling so only minority offenders were included b. the study used an experimental design in which offenders were randomly assigned to intensive supervision, regular supervision, or to prison c. the study only used jurisdictions with large populations within a single state to be more representative d. the study allowed offenders to volunteer for the program so they were motivated to participate
U.S. sentencing guidelines implemented in 1987 have lessened the chances of prosecutors dropping serious charges from plea agreements against federal defendants
Indicate whether the statement is true or false