One of the many changes in the skin resulting from aging is senile lentigo, or liver spots, which are caused by
a. decreased vasodilation and vasoconstriction of the dermal arterioles.
b. thinning epidermis and loss of subcutaneous fat.
c. overgrowth of the horny layer.
d. inability of the melanocytes to produce an even pigmentation of the skin.
D
Senile lentigo, or liver spots, are irregular, flat, deeply pigmented macules that appear in sun-exposed areas of the body. They result from the inability of melanocytes to produce even pigmentation of the skin. With aging there is an increased incidence of hypothermia resulting from vasodilation and vasoconstriction of dermal arterioles and loss of subcutaneous fat. Thinning epidermis and loss of subcutaneous tissue over bony prominences increases the risk of skin breakdown. Keratosis, lesions of the epidermis characterized by overgrowth of the horny layer, is prevalent among the older population.
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The charge nurse is observing a newly licensed nurse conduct an abdominal assessment on a client admitted with an abdominal mass that is affecting bowel elimination. Which actions by the newly licensed nurse would require the charge nurse to intervene?
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B.T.'s wife takes you aside and tells you, "I'm so worried for B. I grew up in a really dysfunctional family where there was a lot of violence
B. has been so good to the kids and me. I'm so worried I'll lose him that I have nightmares about his heart stopping. I find myself suddenly waking up at night just to see if he's breathing." How are you going to respond?