A client who is acutely ill is having difficulty maintaining a steady blood pressure. The nurse recognizes that when the client's blood pressure drops, the hormonal mechanism that immediately takes action is:
1. aldosterone, released by the adrenal cortex to conserve water.
2. cortisol, released by the adrenal cortex to raise blood sugar.
3. insulin, released by the pancreas to increase energy production.
4. epinephrine, released by the adrenal medulla to trigger vasoconstriction.
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: This is not the first response to an erratic blood pressure.
Rationale 2: This response occurs much more slowly than the correct mechanism.
Rationale 3: This response occurs much later than the correct mechanism.
Rationale 4: Epinephrine is the fastest-acting endocrine hormone. It is released from the adrenal medulla. When blood pressure drops, it triggers a compensatory increase in heart rate, as well as vasoconstriction.
Global Rationale: Epinephrine is the fastest-acting endocrine hormone. It is released from the adrenal medulla. When blood pressure drops, it triggers a compensatory increase in heart rate, as well as vasoconstriction. The remaining actions do occur in response to changes in internal environment, but all take place much slower.
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