In the context of Skinnerian psychology, identify a true statement about reinforcement.
A. It is most effective when it immediately follows a behavior.
B. It refers to the creation of categories or systems of knowledge.
C. It refers to the tendency to seek a balance among cognitive elements.
D. It is used to decrease the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated.
Answer: A
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Ion selectivity is a feature of a. both ion channels and ion pumps. b. neither ion channels nor ion pumps. c. ion channels, but not ion pumps
d. ion pumps, but not ion channels.
When researchers studied whether or not dreaming occurs in non-REM sleep, they found that ________
a. it does, but the dreams are shorter and less vivid than in REM sleep. b. it does, but the dreams are longer and more fantastical than in REM sleep. c. it does not, unless the person has been chronically sleep deprived. d. it does not, unless the person is a patient with a severed corpus callosum.
The external genitalia of females—the clitoris, labia minora, vestibule, and labia majora—begin to develop by the ____
a. 4th week c. 8th week b. 6th week d. 10th week
Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic?
a. Ossification c. Changes in the uterus in girls b. Enlargement of the breasts in girls d. Growth of the testes and penis in boys