Sunspots are cooler than the surrounding solar surface because
A) they are regions where convection carries cooler material downward.
B) strong magnetic fields slow convection and prevent hot plasma from entering the region.
C) magnetic fields trap ionized gases that absorb light.
D) there is less fusion occurring there.
E) magnetic fields lift material from the surface of the Sun, cooling off the material faster.
B
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An unusual lightning strike has a vertical portion with a positive current of +400 A upwards. The Earth's magnetic field at that location is parallel to the ground and has a magnitude of 30 ?T. In N, the force exerted by the Earth's magnetic field on the 25 m-long current is
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