A nursing student studying the musculoskeletal system learns about important related hormones. What information does the student learn? (Select all that apply.)
a. A lack of vitamin D can lead to rickets.
b. Calcitonin increases serum calcium levels.
c. Estrogens stimulate osteoblastic activity.
d. Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoclastic activity.
e. Thyroxine stimulates estrogen release.
ANS: A, C, D
Vitamin D is needed to absorb calcium and phosphorus. A deficiency of vitamin D can lead to rickets. Estrogen stimulates osteoblastic activity. Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoclastic activity. Calcitonin decreases serum calcium levels when they get too high. Thyroxine increases the rate of protein synthesis in all tissue types.
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