Explain risk assessment and risk management. Discuss how risk management combines science and other social factors
What will be an ideal response?
The first step in risk assessment determines whether a substance has toxic effects, by measuring dose-response effects of toxicant exposure. The second step assesses the likely exposure that an individual will have to the toxicant including frequency, concentration, and time of exposure. Risk management consists of decisions and strategies to minimize risk. Federal agencies charged with managing risk consider findings in light of economic, social, and political needs and values. Costs and benefits are addressed with regard to both scientific and nonscientific concerns. While economic benefits are generally known, easily quantified, and of a definite and stable amount, health risks are hard-to-measure probabilities that impact a small percentage of people that will suffer greatly. For example, if a pesticide is used, people may suffer, but if it is not used, people may not have enough to eat. Both costs must be considered before banning the pesticide.
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In the 1950s, low-level nuclear waste was loaded into 55-gallon drums and dumped in the ocean.c Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The removal of vegetation is a significant cause of slope failure and mass wasting
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
How many people are between the ages of 45 and 49 in the country shown in this age structure diagram?
A) 10 billion B) 20 million C) 10 million D) This cannot be determined.
What best describes what happens when an acid such as HCl is mixed with water?
A. A hydroxide ion from the water is transferred to the HCl molecule to form a proton and hydronium ion. B. The proton chemically bonded to the chlorine is transferred to a water molecule and forms a chloride ion and a hydronium ion. C. HCl is not an acid. D. A proton from the chlorine nucleus is ejected and captured by a water molecule to form a negatively charged HCl and a new hydronium ion. E. none of the above