What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?
A) establishment of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane
B) diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane
C) reduction of water to produce ATP energy
D) movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the stroma
E) formation of glucose, using carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP
Ans: A) establishment of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane
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Dll is a gene known to direct limb development in the fruit fly
Researchers studying this gene have found that it is also expressed in developing appendages in animals from many other phyla, supporting the hypothesis that all animal appendages may be homologous. However, suppose researchers looking at Dll activity had instead found the results shown in the figure above. These results suggest instead that _____. A) Dll is not actually involved in appendage development B) appendages evolved separately in protostomes and deuterostomes C) appendages coevolved with segmentation D) all animal appendages are homologous
Isoelectric focusing separates proteins based on the pH at which they are electrically ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The bones and cartilage in animals serve the same function as ________ in plants?
A. xylem B. leaves C. wood D. capillaries E. phloem
A sac fungus is exposed to a mutagen, and it mutates so that it cannot produce a functional ascocarp. The most likely consequence is
A. this is a vestigial structure, so there is no consequence. B. fruiting bodies would not occur. C. asexual spores would not be produced. D. lichens could not form. E. cellular metabolism could not occur.