A patient who was taking oxycodone (Percocet) at home for relief of chronic back pain visits the emergency department on the weekend after the prescription for this drug expired and could not be refilled by the local pharmacist
The patient is complaining of back pain and muscle and joint pain, and also exhibits tremors and irritability. Which condition may the patient have?
a. Acute back injury
b. Pain-induced psychosis
c. Opioid withdrawal
d. Influenza
ANS: C
Signs of opioid withdrawal peak at 36 to 72 hours after the last dose and include tactile halluci-nations, irritability, sleeplessness, yawning, tremor, joint and muscle pain, anorexia, nausea, vom-iting, diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal cramps, ketosis, weight loss, distorted vision and photo-phobia. They subside gradually over 2 to 5 weeks.
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