Jill is lost in the desert and ran out of water six hours ago. What physiological effect or response would most likely occur in this situation?
A. decreased thirst sensation
B. decreased release of ADH from the posterior pituitary
C. increased permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidney
D. increased release of atrial natriuretic hormone
E. decrease in blood osmolarity
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about dehydration? What other information is related to the question?
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
C. increased permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidney
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
· This question is asking about the effects of dehydration.
What type of thinking is required?
· Apply level:
o You are being asked to take what you already know and use, or apply, it to the physiological changes that occur with dehydration.
Gather Content
What do you already know about dehydration? What other information is related to the question?
· The hot, dry conditions of the desert can be very dehydrating in short period of time.
· Humans have some water-conserving physiological traits, but they still must consume large amounts of water in very dry climates.
· In the kidney, water is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle and in the collecting duct.
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
· Atrial natriuretic hormone causes water to be excreted, so increased presence of this hormone would be dangerous in the desert.
· Blood osmolarity is something that must stay in homeostasis. Little deviations are not unusual, but a measureable decrease would not be compatible with life.
· The sensation of thirst is an attempt to counteract the effects of dehydration, so decreasing this would not be advantageous in the desert.
· Antidiuretic hormone caused the reabsorption of water. Decreasing this hormone would not help dehydration.
· Since water can be reabsorbed through aquaporins in the collecting duct, an increase in their permeability would aid water reabsorption and lessen the effects of dehydration.
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
· Apply level:
o Answering this question correctly depended on your ability to use dehydration in a new situation. If you got an incorrect answer, did you remember that dehydration is hastened by a hot dry climate, and by lack of water? Did you have trouble extending dehydration to determine the correct answer?
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