What is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? Describe the three symptoms that are necessary for a diagnosis of PTSD. What are the types of experiences that can cause a person to develop PTSD? Briefly explain the environmental, social, and psychological factors that can increase a person's vulnerability to PTSD.
What will be an ideal response?
Students' answers may vary. Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses:
? PTSD-consequences of experiencing extreme stressors
? Symptoms-reexperiencing of the traumatic event, emotional numbing and detachment, hypervigilance and chronic arousal. There needs to be an intrusive symptom and some evidence of engaging in an avoidant strategy to reduce intensity of intrusion. There are also negative alterations in mood and cognition and alterations in arousal response. Symptoms last for greater than one month and cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other functioning.
? Traumas leading to PTSD-natural disasters, human-made disasters (wars, terrorist attacks), physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. Must make clear that someone needs to experience directly, witness in person, learn of a traumatic event to a loved one, or continually re-experience exposure to traumatic events (i.e., first responders).
? Vulnerability to PTSD-severity, duration, and proximity to traumatic event, social support, symptoms of anxiety and depression prior to event, coping strategies
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Gender differences are based upon traditional divisions of labor according to the:
A. cognitive developmental theory B. psychosexual theory C. evolutionary theory D. social role theory
While the fields of learning and social psychology look at nature vs. nurture for the development of sexual orientation, evolutionary psychologists believe which of the following?
A. Strong same-sex relationships increase group survival by binding a group together emotionally. B. Having more children decreases the chance of passing on the X chromosome believed to influence sexual orientation in males. C. Strong same sex relationship increases group survival by binding a group together socially due to common interests. D. Having fewer children increases the fertility in women who carry the X chromosome gene.
A scatterplot of a perfect negative correlation would depict a(n):
A) linear increasing function. B) linear decreasing function. C) linear horizontal function. D) absence of a linear relationship.
The neonatal period encompasses birth to
A. 22 days of life B. 1 week of life C. 1 year of life D. 2 years of life