Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic pathways used by cells to extract energy from organic molecules. Include
the mechanism of ATP formation, the final electron acceptor, and the end products in your comparison. What will be an ideal response?
In both aerobic and anaerobic pathways, electrons are transferred from glucose to NADH,
and these electrons pass down an electron transport chain that is linked to the formation of
ATP via chemiosmosis. Carbon dioxide is produced in both pathways. However, the final
electron accepted in the aerobic pathway is O2, which is converted to water. In the anaerobic
pathway the final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule such as nitrate or sulfate, which
in turn is converted to a more reduced inorganic molecule.
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Which of the following generally causes stomata to close?
a. release of abscisic acid by the roots b. a drop in CO2 concentration in leaf air spaces c. exposure to red light d. a drop in O2 concentration in leaf air spaces e. an increase in water in the soil
Cells or cell parts that detect a stimulus are called
a. effectors. b. integrators. c. sensory receptors. d. regulators. e. detectors.
"Grasping feet" suggest an adaptation for some degree of:
A) knuckle walking. B) migratory behavior. C) limited tool use. D) tree-dwelling life-style.
Order the following structures (layers) that a small molecule must pass through as it moves from outside of an encapsulated Gram-negative cell to the cytoplasm.1. Capsule2. Outer membrane3. Periplasm and Peptidoglycan4. Plasma membrane
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).