Succinctly explain how ocean acidification can affect the behavior of fish, such as the orange clownfish (Amphiprion percula)
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Clownfish live on coral reefs in close association with sea anemones. Clownfish larvae are strongly attracted to the scent of sea anemones and the scent of leaves of specific tropical rainforest trees, which are indicative of a suitable coral reef habitat. On the other hand, they show avoidance of leaves from specific tropical swamp trees, which indicate an undesirable swampy habitat. Acidified oceans can have a detrimental effect on the survival of clownfish larvae because their behavior changes: Larvae raised in acidified ocean water become very attracted to scents of swamp trees (unsuitable habitat) and their attraction for suitable coral reef habitats decreases. Another consequence of ocean acidification is the clownfish's attraction to the scent of predators instead of showing predator avoidance behavior. Research shows that ocean acidification causes this change in behavior of clownfish, and it is caused by a disruption in brain homeostasis. A decrease in extracellular Cl- interferes with chloride channels, more specifically the GABA-A receptor. The results of the research demonstrate that a small change in brain chemistry can affect behavior, and as shown in the example of the orange clownfish, may lead to a decrease in survival of the species.
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Which would be true about the following reaction? M + N Y + Z
A. Adding a catalyst would alter the final concentrations of products and reactants at equilibrium. B. Starting at chemical equilibrium, increasing the concentration of M will transiently increase the rate of formation of Y and Z. C. Starting at chemical equilibrium, decreasing the concentration of M will increase the concentration of Y and Z. D. Both the reaction is reversible and at chemical equilibrium and increasing the concentration of M will drive the reaction to the left are correct. E. Because the reactants and products are different molecules, this is not a reversible reaction.
The functional unit of the kidney is the __________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The dorsal carpal, palmar carpal, radial and ulnar collateral, and flexor retinaculum manus are all ligaments associated with the wrist.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
________ are found in both male and female external genitalia, but the ________ is/are only found in the female
A) Corpus spongiosum; mons pubis B) Corpus spongiosum; urethral orifice C) Corpora cavernosa; vestibular bulbs D) Corpora cavernosa; bulbourethral glands E) Corpora cavernosa; urethral orifice