Explain how John Wesley Powell could have used the relative dating principles of original horizontality,
superposition, and lateral continuity on his journey through the Grand Canyon. What will be an ideal response?
Major Powell could have observed how the layers of rock in the Grand Canyon were
deposited in horizontal layers. Because they were still horizontal, they had not been disturbed
from their original position according to the principle of original horizontality.
Using the principle of superposition, he could have noted that because the rock layers were
undisturbed, the oldest units were at the base of the canyon and the youngest units were at the
top.
Using the principle of lateral continuity, he could have concluded that the rock layers on one
side of the canyon were the same age as the corresponding layer on the opposite side of the
canyon.
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Which of the following describes the likely conditions in the centre of a large, middle-latitude continent?
A. abundant precipitation all year long B. a precipitation maximum during winter C. little precipitation at any time of year D. a precipitation maximum during summer
Define soil degradation and discuss the processes leading to it
Orographic lifting occurs where sloping terrains, such as mountains, act as barriers to the
flow of air. Indicate whether the statement is true or false
What is the biological pump?
a) Osmosis pushes nutrients across cell membranes, allowing the nutrients to get from the bloodstream to where they are needed by the cells. b) Photosynthetic organisms take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. c) Photosynthetic organisms use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to create energy. d) The removal of nitrogen from the water by biologic productivity e) The removal of organic matter and nutrients from surface water to deep water through the sinking of dead surface-dwelling organisms