What is the reward pathway? How does it contribute to the cycle of addiction?
What will be an ideal response?
Reward pathway consists of the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Drugs directly or indirectly target the brain’s reward system by flooding the circuit with dopamine. This creates euphoric effects and generates a powerful reinforcement. This positive reinforcement motivates people to engage in drug taking behavior and creates a cycle of addiction. After the unnatural flood of dopamine that the drug creates, the brain will naturally produce less dopamine and results in the person having low dopamine levels. Therefore, there is a reduced ability to experience pleasure unless the person takes the substances. This conditions the person to continue using the substances.
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What Strong Interest Inventory Scale measures comfort level in a variety of activities, such as leadership style and learning environment?
a. Basic Interest Scales b. General Occupational Themes c. Occupational Scales d. Personal Style Scales
Social cognitive theory departs from Krumboltz' social learning theory on which major point?
a. The importance attached to learning b. Use of Bandura's work as its foundation c. It emphasizes the importance of goals d. It emphasizes the primacy of self-efficacy
Gender-responsive practices include ______.
A. gender-informed risk/needs assessments B. female-specific programming C. trauma-informed policies, supervision, and treatment D. all of the above
When Bill exclaims, "My math teacher is a fool," the counselor's best plan is to
A) ?disagree with Bill and his disrespect for his teacher. B) ?agree with Bill and his disrespect for his teacher. C) ?tell Bill what you know about getting along with teachers. D) ?show that she/he understands Bill's message.