The nurse expects the patient's heart failure (HF) is caused by what diagnosis that is responsible for 95% of the cases diagnosed?
A) Cardiomyopathy
B) Hypertension
C) Congenital anomaly
D) Coronary artery disease (CAD)
D
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CAD is the leading cause of HF, accounting for approximately 95% of the cases diagnosed. CAD results in an insufficient supply of blood to meet the oxygen demands of the myocardium. Consequently, the muscles become hypoxic and can no longer function efficiently. When CAD evolves into a myocardial infarction, muscle cells die or are damaged, leading to an inefficient pumping effort. Cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and congenital anomaly are rarely associated with heart failure.
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Which of these factors should be included in a client cultural assessment?
a. educational background and achievement b. preparation for death c. environmental practices d. health beliefs and practices
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