Both the classical management view and the management science perspective consider an organization to be a(n) ________; as a simplification for analysis this may work, but in reality it would open up the organization to spectacular failure.
A. closed system
B. neutral system
C. porous system
D. subsystem
E. isolated system
A. closed system
A closed system has little interaction with its environment; that is, it receives very little feedback from the outside. The classical management viewpoint often considered an organization a closed system. So does the management science perspective, which simplifies organizations for purposes of analysis. However, any organization that ignores feedback from the environment opens itself up to possibly spectacular failures.
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