Renee is working on an experimental study comparing the effects of a new technology on student engagement. One classroom of students received the technology, and another classroom of students did not. Renee will then measure student engagement through a research instrument. After the experiment, Renee finds out that students had been testing the whole morning before the experiment, so they were all quite tired. Renee determines that student exhaustion will need to be a variable included in the study. What type of variable is it?
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Extraneous or confounding variable
d. Controlling variable
c. Extraneous or confounding variable
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Identify the reason why the equal sign can confuse children
a. Relational symbol not operations. b. Means the answer is coming up. c. Operations symbol not relational. d. Means the answer is the same as.
Heath (1982) discovered that in a working-class community of African Americans in the southern United States, adults usually
a. talk in terms of stories. b. expect their children to wait until called on and then to speak one at a time. c. do not invite children to participate in group discussions. d. shunned children's disruptions of conversation.
Research is conducted on science instruction in the elementary school. Instead of
concentrating on a single grade level, classrooms from grades 3-8 are included in the study. Including six grades is an attempt to enhance: a. external reliability. b. internal reliability. c. external validity. d. internal validity.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be found in a researcher's field jottings?
A. Mrs. Jones punished James. B. Mrs. Jones told James to go to the office. C. Mrs. Jones should be asked why she sent James to the office. D. Mrs. Jones made me feel irritable.