Official crime data indicate that minority group members are involved in a disproportionate share of criminal activity. Which of the following does not explain race-based differences in the crime rate?
a. Disparity in the social and economic structure of society
b. Individuals in the US without documentation
c. Social control efforts of the police and courts
d. The history of racial discrimination in the US
b. Individuals in the US without documentation
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According to the moral model of drug abuse, drug taking behavior is:
a. a matter of personal choice b. a psychological dysfunction c. a defect / dysfunction in the individual's moral upbringing d. a biological defect in the brain's locus of conscience
A ______ of crime views the formal system of laws, as well as the enforcement of those laws, as incorporating societal norms for which there is a broad normative consensus.
a. conflict perspective b. symbolic interactionism c. consensus perspective d. none of these
NIBRS data covers 100% of the nation's population
a. True b. False
Lois DeFleur's study of delinquency in Argentina found that little "nonutilitarian, malicious, and negativistic" working-class delinquency occurred there because:
a. the lower classes were not socialized to seek middle-class goals. b. there was little income inequality. c. the lower classes were socialized to seek middle-class goals. d. the government repressed all dissent.