The nurse is caring for a client in labor. Which signs and symptoms would indicate the client is progressing into the second stage of labor? Note: Credit will be given only for all correct choices and no incorrect choices. Select all that apply
1. Bulging perineum
2. Increased bloody show
3. Spontaneous rupture of the membranes
4. Uncontrollable urge to push
5. Inability to breathe through contractions
1, 2, 4
Explanation: 1. As the fetal head continues its descent, the perineum begins to bulge, flatten, and move anteriorly.
2. Bloody show increases as a woman enters the second stage of labor.
4. As the fetal head descends, the woman has the urge to push because of pressure of the fetal head on the sacral and obturator nerves.
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