Explain how to reduce the chance of an error in testing hypotheses.
What will be an ideal response?
Setting our decision criterion รก to a low value will reduce the chance of a Type I error. Increasing our sample size and/or effect size will increase power, which is the same as reducing the chance of a Type II error.
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The most likely relationship between learning disorders and behavior problems in young children is that ____
a. behavior problems, such as inattentiveness, interfere with learning behaviors and may lead to later learning disorders b. learning disorders are frustrating for children and may lead them to act out c. the two are distinct disorders that arise separately but increase the potency of either or both problems over time d. behavior problems are ultimately the root cause of learning disorders
The Guinness Book of World Records no longer maintains a record for fasting, due to the medical dangers involved. However, in 1971, they included a man, Mr. A.B., who went 382 days without food. Based on what you know about the normal storage of fat in the human body, it should be apparent that Mr. A.B. a. was morbidly obese at the beginning of his fast
b. was probably slightly overweight at the beginning of his fast. c. would only lose fat, not muscle, as a result of his fast. d. must have had a severe case of insulin resistance at the beginning of his fast.
Tomasello and Farrar found that infants who developed larger vocabularies had mothers
who __________ early in life. a. read to them b. hugged and cuddled with them c. talked mostly about the objects their infants gazed at d. imitated their speech e. directed their attention to their infants
The food-scarce environment of our ancestors likely led to humans' propensity to gorge when food is available and to crave high-caloric foods, a trait that might lead to an epidemic of obesity when food is plentiful. This illustrates how
A. the benefits of evolutionary selection decrease with age. B. evolved mechanisms are not always adaptive in contemporary society. C. socialization influences the development of behavior and cognitive skills in human beings. D. organisms pass on characteristics they acquire during their lifetime to their offspring.