Which effect of vaccination is essential for future response to viral infections?
What will be an ideal response?
production of memory cells
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A disease will be ________ likely to circulate in a community with a high percentage of individuals who are immune to the disease.
A. less B. more
Identify how the HAART works when used on a patient that has contracted HIV.
A. Entry inhibitors in HAART will prevent the HIV virus from binding to the CD4 receptors on the cell membranes. AZT will interfere with the conversion of viral RNA into the cellular proteins and the integrase inhibitors prevent HIV from inserting its DNA into the host cell. B. AZT in HAART will prevent the HIV virus from binding to the CD4 receptors on the cell membranes. Inhibitors will interfere with the conversion of viral RNA into DNA and the integrase inhibitors prevent HIV from inserting its DNA into the host cell. C. Entry inhibitors in HAART will prevent the HIV virus from binding to the CD4 receptors on the cell membranes. AZT will interfere with the conversion of viral DNA into RNA and the integrase inhibitors prevent HIV from inserting its DNA into the host cell. D. Entry inhibitors in HAART will prevent the HIV virus from binding to the CD4 receptors on the cell membranes. AZT will interfere with the conversion of viral RNA into DNA and the integrase inhibitors prevent HIV from inserting its DNA into the host cell. E. Entry inhibitors in HAART will prevent the HIV virus from fitting through the protein channels of the cell membranes. AZT will interfere with the conversion of viral DNA into RNA and the integrase inhibitors prevent HIV from inserting its DNA into the host cell.
A knock-out mouse is made with respect to the PFKL gene, and this mouse is now described as which of the following?
A) a loss-of-function PFKL mouse B) a retention-of-function PFKL mouse C) a gain-of-function PFKL mouse D) an enhancement-of-function PFKL mouse
Evidence suggests that the minimum number of genes that must change to produce a new species is __________.
a. about 10 b. sever c. about 1,000 d. one e. several thousand