It has been determined from several human disease samples that bacteria exist that are 16S rRNA sequenced to be Gram-positive, but morphologically double-membraned like Gram-negatives, therefore requiring a new class.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
True
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Every year a new version of the flu vaccine is made using a mixture of strains. The strains are chosen based on surveillance and analysis by experts from the FDA, WHO, and CDC. For other diseases however, such as varicella (chickenpox), the same vaccine is used continually and repeated vaccinations are not necessary. What do you conclude is the important difference between the influenza virus and the varicella zoster virus with regards to vaccinations?
Different viruses have different properties that affect how the immune system responds to them, and consequently how vaccines must be developed. A. Influenza virus is transmitted through aerosol droplets in the air, while varicella can be transmitted via skin secretions. B. Varicella is attacked by the innate immune system, while influenza is attacked by the acquired immune system. C. Influenza virus has a much higher mutation rate than varicella, leading to frequent antigen changes in the coat proteins. D. Influenza envelope proteins are bound by IgM, while varicella envelope proteins are bound by IgG. Clarify Question What is the key concept addressed by the question? What type of thinking is required? Gather Content What do you already know about varicella zoster and influenza? What other information is related to the question? Choose Answer Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer? Reflect on Process Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
In Drosophila, a gynandromorph, which is composed of equal parts of male and female tissue, results from
A) an XX female losing one X chromosome during the first mitotic division after fertilization. B) an egg carrying an X chromosome fertilized by a Y-carrying sperm. C) a normal egg fertilized by both an X-carrying sperm and a Y-carrying sperm. D) the fusion of a female embryo with a male embryo.
You are "living off the grid" meaning that you are not using any public utilities: no water supply, sewer connection, natural gas, or electricity. You do have a septic tank, whose pipe carries sewage underground where it is released over a wide area, the leaching field. There is also a small pond out there that you have stocked with fish. However, you notice that the fish are floating dead in the water, and the pond has a green scum on it. What happened?
A. There are not enough nutrients in the water, so the fish died. B. Chemical toxins from your septic tank cleaner have killed the fish. C. There is oxygen depletion in the pond due to the leakage of phosphates and other compounds from your septic tank. D. The fish died due to a lack of calcium, which then caused the algae to overgrow.
The use of a physical or chemical process to destroy vegetative pathogens on inanimate objects is
A. disinfection. B. antisepsis. C. degermation. D. sterilization. E. sanitization.