Overexpression of growth factor receptors on a cell's surface promotes cancer growth by
a) Stimulating the dimerization and transphosphorylation of the receptors.
b) Turning off downstream signaling.
c) Promoting mitogenic signaling in the cytoplasm.
d) Both A and C.
Answer: d) Both A and C.
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If integration of DNA provided by pronuclear injection occurs after three cell divisions, the resulting mouse will
A) not contain the transgene in any cells. B) be a mosaic of cells with some cells containing the transgene and others not. C) contain the transgene in only germ cells. D) contain the transgene in only somatic cells.
Simple epithelial cells of the renal tubule have abundant __________ to increase the surface area for
reabsorption and numerous __________ to provide energy for actively transporting materials. a. microvilli; mitochondria b. cilia; mitochondria c. microvilli; Golgi complexes d. cilia; Golgi complexes e. cilia; capillaries
Which of the following do all fungi have in common?
a) absorption of nutrients b) symbioses with algae c) meiosis in basidia d) sexual life cycle e) coenocytic hyphae
The _____ is a type of regulator protein that binds to a region of DNA in the promoter of a gene called the operator and prevents transcription from taking place.
A. inducer B. repressor C. activator D. inactivator E. terminator