Formulate reasons in support of why the duodenum could be described both structurally and functionally as the "crossroads" of the digestive tract
What will be an ideal response?
No other place in the digestive tract has so much input from other parts of the digestive system. The stomach dumps in liquefied chyme. Bile produced in the liver and stored/concentrated in the gallbladder flows through the common bile duct toward the duodenum. Buffers and digestive enzymes from the pancreas are also delivered to the duodenum. Functionally speaking, many changes begin in the duodenum as well. Acidic chyme is neutralized. Fats, which have been largely untouched by the digestive process, will start to be digested when hit by pancreatic lipase and bile. A whole new crop of enzymes from the pancreas will begin working on the digestion of proteins and carbohydrates as well.
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The hypothesis that proton motive force drives ATP synthesis is called the ________ hypothesis.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
To maximize the number of thymine dimer mutations following UV exposure, should you keep human cells in tissue culture in the dark, in the light, or does it matter at all?
A. The dark-light will activate the photorepair systems that can break thymine dimers induced by UV light. B. The light-it's important to keep on producing the thymine dimers by keeping the plate exposed to light as much as possible. C. It's best to alternate light and dark every hour to increase the chances that thymine dimers will form in the human cells, but still keep the photorepair systems from correcting them as they are formed. D. It doesn't matter-human cells don't possess the enzymes needed for photorepair of thymine dimers.
A __________ is a hybrid, with two nonidentical
alleles (Aa). Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
There is a condition that affects the lungs such that the lungs cannot remove all of the CO2 that the body produces. Fortunately, animals' bodies respond to rising CO2 levels, which can prevent this condition from occurring. Which of the following
processes occur when CO2 rises? A) Ventilation rate decreases. B) Bicarbonate ion concentration decreases. C) The blood becomes acidic. D) The blood pH increases.