What was the relationship between religion and trade in the Indian Ocean world in this era? Did religion reinforce trade connections, interfere with them, or have some other effect?
What will be an ideal response?
A. India
1. Chola Kingdom
a. power, wealth, and ambitions of the Chola kings fused with those of the merchant communities on the coast to establish trade network
b. Hindu temples were the kings' helpers in managing the state and the biggest beneficiaries of victories in war
c. temples show the grandeur of the Chola Empire and the reach of its power and trade
1. temples invested heavily in land and in the revenues of farmers whom they supplied with capital to make agricultural improvements
2. contributed to a shift of priorities toward agriculture and land-based wealth
3. weakening Chola maritime imperialism
4. India remained as rich as ever, some forms of Indian enterprise turned inward
B. Ethiopia
1. increased trade affected state-building fueled by religion
2. new dynasty recovered political unity and began an internal crusade recorded in the lives of trailblazing frontier saints
a. tireless pilgrimages, for instance, Takla Haymanyot made converts, dethroned idols, and chopped down forests, seizing "devils' trees" to build churches.
b. ideology of holy war seems to have taken hold
c. Gebre-Menfas-Qeddus challenged the surrounding Muslims and pagans to convert to Christianity
3. On the Ethiopian frontier, monastery churches began to emerge
4. Spread of propaganda represented Ethiopia as a holy place
a. realm of the biblical Queen of Sheba
b. as "the new Israel" favored rivals for the throne
1. Solomids—descendants of Solomon claimed that they were rightful heirs to the throne
C. Southeast Asia
1. Khmer Kingdom
a. rhythms of its rise matched the growth of Indian Ocean trade
b. Angkor was laid out to evoke the divine design of the world common to Hindu and Buddhist beliefs
c. change from Buddhism to Hinduism
d. piety of the queen, who sought consolation in Buddhist devotions when her husband was away on campaign
e. also showed broader trend of Buddhism spreading elsewhere along trade routes into East, Southeast, and Central Asia
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