Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)

1. Phylogenetic analyses of some vertebrate mineralcorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors and their ligands has suggested that the hormones evolved prior to their receptors.
2. Vasotocin is present in non-mammalian vertebrates and shares structural and functional properties with mammalian antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin. Through these similarities it has been suggested that vasotocin could be the ancestral precursor to the posterior pituitary hormone in vertebrates.
3. Vitamin D is a hormone produced in part by exposure to sunlight.
4. If blood sodium levels rise sharply above normal limits the heart will release more atrial natriuretic peptide.


1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE

Biology & Microbiology

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