The nurse is concerned that a critically ill client is experiencing mobilization of fat stores and skeletal muscle and tissue proteins are being catabolized. Which metabolic state is this client experiencing?
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hyperglycemia
c. Hyperlipidemia
d. Hypermetabolism
d. Hypermetabolism
The body's defense against physiologic stress is the "fight or flight" response, which initiates a cascade of physiologic reactions requiring additional energy. To provide this energy, the body uses glucose generated from glycogen stores in liver and muscle, and if needed, catabolizes skeletal muscle proteins and fat stores. This process is known as hypermetabolism. Hyperkalemia refers to elevated potassium levels. Hyperglycemia may occur during this process and is the result of increased glucose with insulin resistance limiting the uptake into the liver and peripheral cells. Hyperlipidemia refers to elevations in cholesterol and triglycerides are not related to the "fight or flight" process.
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A nurse researcher reports a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 30.41 and 31.59. How would a nurse reading this research report interpret these results?
1. The two most commonly occurring answers are 30 and 31. 2. Ninety-five out of 100 nurses would answer either 30.41 or 31.59 to a given question. 3. The researcher can be 95% confident that if the study were repeated with another sample of 100 nurses, the average or mean score would fall between 30.41 and 31.59 in the sample. 4. The researcher can be 99% confident that if the study were repeated with another sample of 100 nurses, the average or mean score would fall between 30.41 and 31.59 in the sample.
In an infant with cyanotic cardiac anomaly, the nurse would expect to see:
a. feedings taken eagerly. b. a decrease in the heart rate with activity. c. little to no improvement in color with oxygen administration. d. a consistent and rapid weight gain.
Which set of instructions is most appropriate when preparing the patient for collection of a 24-hour creatinine clearance for a prelithium workup?
a. "Collect all urine when you wake up and for 12 hours thereafter, and then discard all collected urine, noting the time. Begin again to collect all urine, and refrigerate it for the next 12 hours after your blood is drawn.". b. "Discard your first morning urine on awakening, and then begin to time and collect your urine. Keep it refrigerated in a clean 3-L plastic container. Your blood may be drawn at any time during the collection.". c. "Sign this consent form; then collect your urine for the next 24 hours after discarding the first urine of the morning and then refrigerate the clean 3-L container between voidings.". d. "Sign this consent form, and then begin to collect your urine in a clean 3-L plastic container for 24 hours. You may refrigerate the urine collection if you wish.".
A nurse who performs a skin assessment while bathing an immobile client would be displaying:
1. Efficiency 2. Leadership 3. Organization 4. Effectiveness