Many researchers draw conclusions about causality with data that are collected at a single point in time. Determining that the cause came before the effect is uncertain with such data. Which of the following circumstances does not allow us to determine that the cause came before the effect?
a. The independent variable is fixed at some point prior to the variation in the dependent variable.
b. Reliability of the variables is established by having different interviewers question the respondent.
c. It can be established that the respondents’ retrospective accounts are reliable.
d. The measures are based on records that contain information on cases in earlier time periods.
b. Reliability of the variables is established by having different interviewers question the respondent.
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According to Wong, cultural competence is not the same as cultural ______________
a. conviction b. sensitivity c. constructs d. confluence
In which of the following areas should criminal justice professionals formulate measures to prevent the practice of racial profiling on the part of police officers?
a. accountability and supervision b. agency policy to address racial profiling c. recruitment and hiring d. all of the above
State departments of corrections have underdeveloped programming, insufficient prison industries for inmates, and lack of resources for anything other than prison construction
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Describe the basic structure of the DNA molecule. What is the name given to this type of structure?
What will be an ideal response?