A patient receiving a blood transfusion begins gasping for breath 10 minutes into the transfusion. The nurse realizes the patient is experiencing
1. a type I hypersensitivity response.
2. a type III hypersensitivity response.
3. a type IV hypersensitivity response.
4. a type II hypersensitivity response.
4
Rationale: A transfusion reaction is a major example of a type II hypersensitivity response. The reaction will occur within minutes of beginning the transfusion and is an emergency. A type I hypersensitivity response occurs after repeated exposure to an allergen which causes an allergen-antigen response. A type III hypersensitivity response is also an allergen-antigen response however the complexes are found in tissues. Organ rejection is an example of this type of response. A type IV hypersensitivity response is a delayed response seen after an insect bite or with poison ivy.
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A patient's blood gas levels are pH of 7.2, PaCO2 of 55 mm Hg, and HCO3 of 24/L. The patient has a
A) metabolic acidosis. B) metabolic alkalosis. C) respiratory acidosis. D) respiratory alkalosis.
Dr. Abraham Jacobi focused attention on health problems in children and made a major stride toward their welfare by initiating:
a. pediatric wards in hospitals. b. free inoculations against smallpox. c. milk stations in the city of New York. d. serving nutritious foods in orphanages.
The clinic nurse offers suggestions to a patient who is planning a trip to Mexico that will help prevent a protozoan infection. The most helpful suggestion is:
a. "We will ask the doctor for a prophylactic prescription for an antiviral drug." b. "Broad-spectrum antibiotics will be most helpful if you contract a protozoan infec-tion." c. "Be sure to practice good hand hygiene while on your vacation." d. "It would be best if you drank bottled wa-ter while on your trip."
Select the most important component of patient education for a woman being treated for Trichomonas vaginalis infection
1. The applicator for the vaginal gel should be washed after each application. 2. Male partners should always be treated concurrently. 3. The vaginal gel can be deactivated by lotions and soaps. 4. Pregnant patients should not be treated.