List and explain the events that occur during the reproductive cycle of an HIV virus.
What will be an ideal response?
1. Attachment: HIV binds to receptors on the plasma membrane of the target cell.
2. Fusion: HIV fuses with the plasma membrane, and the virus enters the host cell.
3. Entry: The capsid and protein coats are removed, releasing RNA and viral proteins into the host cell's cytoplasm.
4. Reverse transcription: HIV's single-stranded RNA is converted into a double-stranded viral DNA code.
5. Integration: The viral DNA, along with the viral enzyme integrase, migrates into the nucleus of the host cell. The viral DNA is spliced into the host cell's DNA, making it part of the host genome.
6. Biosynthesis and cleavage: The host cell's machinery directs the production of more viral RNA. Some of the viral RNA becomes material for new viruses, while the rest is used to code for viral proteins.
7. Assembly: Capsid proteins, viral enzymes, and RNA are assembled into new viruses.
8. Budding: The new virus leaves the cell, acquiring an envelope from the host cell's plasma membrane.
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