While explaining evasive factors by microbes to evade various components of the host's immune system, the instructor uses which of the following examples?
A) H. Pylori being able to survive in an acidic environment
B) Enzymes capable of destroying cell membranes
C) S. aureus ability to immobilize IgG
D) An infectious agent's ability to produce toxins
Ans: A
Feedback:
A number of factors produced by microorganisms enhance virulence by evading various components of the host's immune system. H. pylori, the infectious cause of gastritis and gastric ulcers, produces a urease enzyme on its outer cell wall. The urease converts gastric urea into ammonia, thus neutralizing the acidic environment of the stomach and allowing the organism to survive in this hostile environment. Infectious agents also produce invasive factors that facilitate the penetration of anatomic barriers and host tissue. Most invasive factors are enzymes capable of destroying cell membranes (e.g., phospholipases), connective tissue (e.g., elastases, collagenases), intercellular matrices (e.g., hyaluronidase), and structural protein complexes (e.g., proteases). The effects of the pathogen's invasive factors and toxins, combined with the antimicrobial and inflammatory substances released by host cells, mediate the tissue damage and pathophysiology of infectious diseases.
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