Provide four circumstances when police can search without a warrant

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Stop and frisk: A threshold inquiry occurs when an officer does not have probable cause to arrest, but his or her suspicions are legitimately aroused by the unusual or suspicious behavior of an individual; frisking is limited to a pat-down of the outer clothing for the purpose of finding a concealed weapon. Search incident to an arrest: search only the defendant's person and the areas in the defendant's immediate physical surroundings that are under his or her control. Automobile search: if there is probable cause to believe that the car was involved in a crime and there is a significant chance that the evidence will be lost if the search is not conducted immediately. Motorist and passenger search: if police officers perceive danger during routine traffic stops, they can order drivers and passengers from the car and conduct a limited search of their person to ensure police officer safety. Consent search: if people willingly (voluntarily) consent to a search of their person or property. Second-party consent: as long as the person giving consent shares common authority over the property and no present co-tenant objects. Plain view: contraband can be seized without a warrant if it is plain view. Seizure of nonphysical evidence: nonphysical evidence, such as a conversation, can be seized if the suspects had no reason to expect privacy. Hot pursuit/exigency: Police may conduct a warrantless search during emergency situations, such as when they are in hot pursuit of a dangerous suspect.