The micturition reflex
A. is initiated by stretching the bladder wall.
B. is integrated in the spinal cord.
C. results in parasympathetic action potentials causing the urinary bladder to contract.
D. can be inhibited by higher brain centers.
E. has all of these characteristics.
Ans: E. has all of these characteristics.
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Why is it not surprising that Staphylococci are the leading cause of wound infections?
A. This genus is readily present as a part of the normal microbiota on most people's skin, so it could easily enter wounds. B. Members of this genus are all particularly virulent and highly capable of causing numerous infections. C. Staphylococci cannot be eradicated from the skin due to multidrug resistance in most members of the genus. Drugs simply don't kill them. D. Staphylococci are capable of a higher degree of spontaneous mutation than most microbes. This makes them able to acquire antibiotic resistance very readily, making them hard to eliminate by pre-surgical antibacterial scrubs. As such, they commonly infect surgical wound sites.
Living organisms are distinct from nonliving
things by which of the following features?
a. continuous energy inputs b. complex molecular structure c. DNA that guides functioning d. sensing and responding to change e. all of these except complex molecular structure
The nutritional information on a cereal box shows that one serving of a dry cereal has 200 kilocalories. If one were to burn one serving of the cereal, the amount of heat given off would be sufficient to raise the temperature of 20 kg of water how many degrees Celsius?
A) 1.0°C B) 20.0°C C) 10.0°C D) 2.0°C E) 0.2°C
Starting with one molecule of glucose as an input, how many oxidation reactions occur during the Krebs cycle?
A. one B. three C. two D. eight E. six