Which of the following mechanisms explains how fluoride works on enamel?
a. Fluoride ions will displace the hydroxide ions in hydroxyapatite, creating fluoroapatite.
b. Fluoride ions will increase the number of enamel rods.
c. Fluoride ions will decrease the amount of hydroxyapatite.
d. Fluoride ions will decrease the penetration of bacteria into enamel.
a. Fluoride can help in disease modification and prevention. When fluoride is exposed during or after enamel formation, fluoride ions will displace the hydroxide ions in hydroxyapatite, creating fluoroapatite. This new matrix is much more stable, less soluble, and more resistant to the acid attack of the bacterial metabolic by-products.
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a. Bradykinin b. Serotonin
A(n) ____________________, also called a compendium, is a comprehensive list of drugs which not only includes formulas but usual strengths, standards of purity, and ranges of doses that are available in a certain country or region.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
To ensure patient confidentiality and practice sensible risk management, never discuss a patient with which of the following?
a. Members of the office staff when necessary to the patient's care b. Patient's insurance carrier even if you have a signed release c. Credit bureau/collection agency d. Patient's attorney even if you have a signed release
Which of the following needs of the surgical patient is related to the identification and understanding of an individual's place in the universe and may include his or her views on theology, philosophy, or mythology?
a. physical b. psychological c. social d. spiritual