An older adult patient is prescribed an analgesic to manage the joint pain resulting from stiffness in his right shoulder. When the patient asks about alternative therapy techniques that might be helpful, the nurse suggests
a. applying ice packs to the area three to four times a day.
b. placing a moderately warm heating pad to the shoulder.
c. arranging for a professional massage on a weekly basis.
d. discussing electrical nerve stimulation with the physician.
B
Heat is useful in decreasing pain and discomfort resulting from joint stiffness by increasing the elasticity of muscles. Ice is better for acute exacerbations. Massage may or may not help but would be more expensive. Electrical nerve stimulation is not warranted.
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