How did the "new science" move from being applied to industry and into the realm of theoretical applications?

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

The second Industrial Revolution was focused primarily on technology and industrial changes, rather than the theoretical ideas of science which became more advanced in the early twentieth century. The second Industrial Revolution utilized new developments of steel, chemical knowledge, petroleum, and electricity, and applied these ideas to weapons, transportation, manufactured goods, and communication. Steel was utilized in railways, new buildings including skyscrapers, bridges, engines, cars, and steamships. All of these advances had mass applications for the transformation of society, bringing the world closer through more rapid transportation, redefining urban spaces, and creating communications technology. Chemicals were not only used for creating dyes, fertilizer and dynamite, but to improve production of paper, which made printing cheaper, and thus created more widely-spread newspapers, magazines, serials, and popular press. This began to shift in the late nineteenth century, when ideas began to be considered as humankind's place in the new, modern world; more abstract considerations about psychology, evolution, as well as more advanced ideas of genetics, physics, and sciences beyond the natural eye gained growth. The discovery of radiation took on a practical application with invention of x-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen, but Marie and Pierre Curie took it to another level with exploration of the world of radiation and how that could be both harnessed and studied. The New Physics built off previous chemical discoveries and postulated the existence of a substance throughout the universe which was invisible or undiscovered, and opened the path for exploration of theoretical physics in the early twentieth century.