Often patients experiencing sympathetically induced hyperventilation are told to breathe into a paper bag. Why?
What will be an ideal response?
Hyperventilation results in the removal of excess CO2, which causes the carbonic acid reaction to proceed to the left in an attempt to replace the CO2 molecules lost to the atmosphere:
CO2 + H2O <- H2CO3 <- H+ + HCO3-
According to the equation above, the more CO2 that is lost, the more H+ ions are removed from the solution, and fewer are formed from the reaction of CO2 with water. This causes the blood to become more basic; this phenomenon is called respiratory alkalosis. Breathing into a paper bag causes the exhaled CO2 to re-enter the lungs and prevents the chemical reaction above from proceeding too rapidly to the left. The result is maintenance of sufficient numbers of H+ in the blood to prevent respiratory alkalosis.
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Match each of the terms with the correct definition, description, or function.
a. diaphysis b. epiphyses c. periosteum d. endosteum e. medullary cavity f. osteoclast g. osteoblast h. canaliculi i. lacuna j. epiphyseal plate k. diarthrotic l. hematopoiesis m. synarthrotic n. articulations o. amphiarthrotic 1. _____ Bone-forming cells 2. _____ Hollow shaft of the long bone 3. _____ A bone can grow as long as this remains 4. _____ Thin layer of connective tissue that lines the medullary canal 5. _____ Small canals that carry nutrients to bone cells 6. _____ Tough connective tissue surrounding the shaft of long bones 7. _____ Hollow part of the bone where marrow is stored 8. _____ Bone-resorbing cells 9. _____ Small spaces in the bone matrix where bone cells are located 10. _____ Ends of long bones 11. _____ Type of joint that allows no movement 12. _____ Refers to the process of blood cell formation 13. _____ Type of joint that allows for free movement 14. _____ Another term for joints 15. _____ Type of joint that allows for slight, limited movement
The redness and heat seen in an inflamed area are the result of
A. a reddish substance released by erythrocytes. B. production of interferon. C. increased blood flow to the area. D. vasoconstriction. E. phagocyte mobilization.
The male homologue to the labia majora is the
A. penis. B. testis. C. bulbourethral gland. D. scrotum. E. prostate gland.
Urine is temporarily stored in the
A) prostate gland. B) renal pelvis. C) gallbladder. D) urinary bladder. E) kidneys.