What is the problem with comma splices?
What will be an ideal response?
a comma is the wrong type of punctuation for the sentences
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When reading an academic text, avoid writing in the margin or highlighting directly on the page
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
IV. ¡A leer!Lee el ensayo que un estudiante sudamericano escribió, en que habla de la vida universitaria en Latinoamérica y la de Estados Unidos. Luego, selecciona la mejor respuesta para cada pregunta. La vida del estudiante universitario de Latinoamérica es diferente a la del estudiante universitario de Estados Unidos en varios aspectos.
En primer lugar, la mayoría de los estudiantes en los países latinos se acostumbran vivir en casa o en pensiones (boarding houses) porque muy pocas universidades tienen residencias estudiantiles. Mientras que en Estados Unidos muchos estudiantes asisten a una universidad lejos de su casa y viven en el campus, muchos estudiantes en Latinoamérica estudian cerca de sus parientes. Algunas universidades de Estados Unidos se encuentran en zonas rurales o en pueblos pequeños. En cambio, la mayoría de las universidades de Latinoamérica están situadas en plena ciudad. Y como los estudiantes entran inmediatamente a una facultad específica (por ejemplo, la Facultad de Medicina o la Facultad de Computación), las diferentes facultades están muchas veces en diferentes partes de la ciudad. No es común que haya un solo campus grande como los hay en Estados Unidos. Que la mayoría de los estudiantes no viva en un campus contribuye al hecho de que la universidad latinoamericana no es el centro de la vida social del estudiante como suele ser en Estados Unidos. Su función es solamente pedagógica. Otra importante diferencia es que muchos estudiantes universitarios de Latinoamérica están más involucrados en la vida política que los estudiantes estadounidenses. Como no están aislados en un campus universitario, los estudiantes latinoamericanos están conscientes de los retos que enfrenta su ciudad. Organizan manifestaciones, reparten panfletos y protestan para exigir al gobierno que haga cambios. ¿Cuál es el propósito del ensayo? A. criticar las universidades latinoamericanas B. criticar las universidades estadounidenses C. comparar las universidades estadounidenses con las de Latinoamérica D. compara los estudiantes universitarios estadounidenses con los de Latinoamérica
The best guide question for paragraph 3 is:
Directions: Read the following passage and then answer questions 1–10. Although precise statistics are hard to come by, experts guess that about one out of every five smokers doesn’t smoke every day. If you’re one of these so-called “social 1 smokers,” you probably believe that your behavior is unlikely to cause any harm. Are you right? Here’s what the research says about social smoking. Social smokers smoke more than they think. Although gathering precise data is challenging, researchers find that most self-described social smokers actually smoke a 2 few cigarettes per day. One nicotine addiction specialist notes that people who smoke just one or two cigarettes a week—true social smokers—are very rare indeed. Social smoking leads to addiction. Tobacco researchers point out that the majority of social smokers are on the road to addiction. Initially they may only bum a cigarette from friends occasionally, but soon they find themselves bumming cigarettes more 3 often. It’s only a matter of time before they find themselves buying a pack a week, then two or three packs a week. Although they believe that they can quit whenever they want, on average, social smokers end up addicted, and smoking for years. One-third of people who have ever tried smoking become daily smokers. Social smoking increases risk of cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular disease at all levels of smoking. Moreover, smoking begins to exert this effect—causing fatal heart attacks and strokes—as early as age 35. The risk is especially acute for women who also use a hormonal method of birth control (pills, patch, etc.). One mechanism by which smoking, even at low levels, promotes 4 heart disease is by causing inflammation and dysfunction of the lining of blood vessels. In one study, young, healthy people who smoked less than one pack per week were found to have a 35% reduction in blood vessel functioning compared with nonsmokers. Social smoking increases cancer risk. Tobacco smoke itself is a carcinogen, as are at least 69 of its component chemicals. Because inherited genetic variations influence cancer rates, as do other determinants such as diet, stress, etc., the influence of social smoking on cancer promotion is difficult to determine. However, any level of 5 smoking increases the frequency of DNA mutations known to be associated with cancer. And the risk of cancer is more closely tied to the number of years you’ve smoked—at any level—than to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. As one expert put it, you wouldn’t go out to your car four times a week and inhale exhaust fumes. But that’s the health equivalent of smoking cigarettes four times a week. The bottom line? There is no safe level of exposure to cigarette smoke. If you smoke at all, you are at increased risk of nicotine addiction, cardiovascular disease, 6 cancer, and other illnesses. Get help, and quit. a. Does social smoking lead to addiction? b. Do all people who try smoking become daily smokers? c. How does social smoking lead to addiction? d. Are social smokers likely to become addicted to smoking?
When creating an outline, it is most important to
a. include everything that is in the original passage. b. use proper punctuation and complete sentences. c. be sure that the information underneath a heading supports that heading. d. use the author's exact wording from the text.