The nurse is learning how to reduce the stigma associated with substance dependence. What knowledge of psychobiology will help reduce the stigma?
1. Clients with alcohol dependence cannot be held accountable for their actions.
2. Relapse is a common feature of substance abuse.
3. There is heritability and predisposition to alcohol dependence as well as complex environmental influences.
4. Alcoholics Anonymous is an accepted treatment approach.
3
Rationale: Knowing the psychobiological aspects of heritability and predisposition to alcohol dependence, as well as the complex environmental influences, helps diminish stigma. Acknowledging relapse, treatment approaches, and behavioral intentions does not address the psychobiology of the illness.
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Which statement about carcinogenesis is accurate?
a. An initiated cell will always become clinical cancer. b. Cancer becomes a health problem once it is 1 cm in size. c. Normal hormones and proteins do not promote cancer growth. d. Tumor cells need to develop their own blood supply.
The nurse knows that a common assessment finding in a boy younger than 2 years old is:
a. Inflamed and tender spermatic cord. b. Presence of a hernia in the scrotum. c. Penis that looks large in relation to the scrotum. d. Presence of a hydrocele, or fluid in the scrotum.
The psychiatric-mental health nurse is developing a plan of care for a client experiencing depression. From a cognitive theoretical framework, which of the following nursing interventions would take priority?
A) Facilitating the completion of developmental tasks B) Reinforcing desirable behaviors and punishing undesirable behaviors C) Challenging misperceptions and correcting misinformation D) Encouraging use of new learning in interpersonal relationships
Sinusitis is considered chronic when there are episodes of prolonged inflammation with repeated or inadequately treated acute infection lasting greater than:
a. 4 weeks. c. 12 weeks. b. 8 weeks. d. 16 weeks.