What are the differences between realism, liberalism, and constructivism as theories of international relations? What aspects of foreign policy would each theory analyze? Be sure to briefly define each theory before discussing the main differences.

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Answers should describe realism as a systemic study of international relations focusing on nation-states and emphasizing conflicts that arise inevitably from human nature. Answers could also identify a close variant of realism known as neorealism, a systemic theory of international relations that focuses on the anarchical global environment or the lack of a global government. Answers discussing this theory should focus on power politics and relations between states. Liberalism should be identified as a theory focusing on the preferences of actors and nation-states and emphasizing cooperation and interdependence between actors. Answers discussing this theory should point to intergovernmental organizations, trade agreements, and international norms. Liberals tend to focus on times of cooperation and peace, emphasizing that most of the countries in the world are at peace most of the time. Answers on constructivism should discuss how ideas about domestic and international politics are “constructed” and that political leaders shape almost every element of foreign policy, including which states or groups are identified as “enemies.” Answers discussing constructivism should also discuss the central importance of identity to understanding the relationships between states.