_______________ (1972) developed a classic typology of probation supervision officers that designated four basic types: law enforcer, time-server, therapeutic agent, and synthetic officer.

A. Howard Becker
B. Carl Klockars
C. Francis Cullen
D. Gresham Sykes


Answer: B

Criminal Justice

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Which statement is NOT accurate about the search and seizure cases decided between 1949 and 1960

A. Wolf v. Colorado (1949 ) incorporated the substance of the Fourth Amendment B. Rochin v. California (1952 ) established the shocks the conscience test C. Irvine v. California (1954 ) upheld a lengthy bedroom electronic eavesdropping D. Elkins v. U.S. (1960 ) established the silver platter doctrine

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Which transnational gang is not based primarily on ethnicity or family structure, but is instead based on economic necessity?

a. African gangs b. Eastern European gangs c. Middle-Eastern gangs d. Russian gangs

Criminal Justice

Enforcement of the federal gun control act of 1968 is the responsibility of the

a. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. b. U.S. Department of the Treasury. c. U.S. Secret Service. d. Federal Bureau of Investigation.

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Heroin traffickers use passengers and crew on commercial vessels, particularly ______, to smuggle shipments into the US

a. trains b. airplanes c. cargo ships d. cruise ships

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