In 1990, the Federal Hate Crime Statistics Act was passed, mandating that the Justice Department secure data on crimes related to religion, race, sexual orientation, or ethnicity. Although the laws vary considerably, the most common elements include all of the following except:
a. Enhanced penalties for common law crimes against persons based on race, ethnicity, religion, gender, or sexual orientation
b. Criminal penalties for vandalism of religious institutions
c. Expanded criminal investigation strategies
d. Collection of data on bias crimes
c
You might also like to view...
The rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among state and federal prisoners has stabilized at around 2 percent
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
RFLP is a new DNA technique
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
The _____ holds that once negative behavior patterns have been established, they cannot be changed.
A. rational choice theory B. continuity theory of crime C. theory of differential association D. enslavement theory of addiction
Type ______ gangs are involved in a variety of serious and nonviolent crimes but have less involvement in drug sales and use.
A. 2 B. 6 C. 3 D. 1