When teaching a class about trisomy 21, the instructor would identify this disorder as due to which of the following?
A) Nondisjunction
B) X-linked recessive inheritance
C) Genomic imprinting
D) Autosomal dominant inheritance
A
Response:
Trisomy 21 is an example of a genetic disorder involving an abnormality in chromosomal number due to nondisjunction. X-linked recessive inheritance disorders, such as hemophilia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, involve altered genes on the X chromosome. Genomic imprinting disorders, such as Prader-Willi syndrome, involve expression of only the maternal or paternal allele, with the other being inactive. Autosomal dominant inheritance disorders, such as neurofibromatosis and achondroplasia, involve a single gene in the heterozygous state that is capable of producing the phenotype, thus overshadowing the normal gene.
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