Emission testing is required by federal law in areas that have had problems meeting health-based air quality standards. Such areas typically include industrialized urban areas and large cities. Supporters of this practice argue that all citizens benefit because vehicles with malfunctioning pollution control systems are identified. They also cite government data showing average failure rates of 10%. Critics of the testing argue that, of those vehicles that fail, 90% are vehicles 5 or more years old. A law has been placed on the ballot to save citizens money by no longer requiring vehicles less than 5 years old be tested unless they are obviously malfunctioning.Suppose the law passed. What is likely to happen to air quality in those areas where testing is required?

A. There should be little change to air quality.
B. Air quality should improve a lot.
C. Air quality should decline a lot.


Answer: A

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences

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