Which of the following are effects of aging on the skin? (Select all that apply.)
a. skin vascularity and the number of sweat and sebaceous glands decrease, affecting thermoregulation
b. inflammatory response and pain perception increases
c. thinning epidermis and prolonged wound healing make the elderly more prone to injury and skin infections
d. skin cancer is less common in the elderly
e. increased rate of growth of nails
f. decreased number of hair follicles resulting in the thinning of hair
g. loss of subcutaneous tissue causes skin sag-ging and wrinkling
A, C, F, G
Aging has several effects on the skin. These include changes in skin vascularity and the number of sweat and sebaceous glands decrease, affecting thermoregulation. The inflammatory response and pain perception diminish, increasing the risk of adverse effects from noxious stimuli. A thinning epidermis and prolonged wound healing make the elderly more prone to injury and skin infections. Skin cancer is more common among the elderly. Decreased blood flow to the skin causes dryness of the skin. The use of skin lotions containing alcohol can cause drying of the skin, increasing the risk of injury. Moisture-enhancing products should be used instead. Clients will also experience a decreased rate of growth of nails with longitudinal ridges and thickening of the nail (especially toenails). There is a decreased number of hair follicles, therefore, a thinning of the hair.
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