The leaf-cutter ants of Central America use leaves as food to cultivate the basidiomycete Lepiota in special underground chambers. To use leaves as an energy source, Lepiota must do which of the following?

A. secrete enzymes to digest cellulose
B. ingest and break down the leaves
C. secrete enzymes to digest chitin
D. produce antibiotics to kill the ascomycete
E. produce antibiotics to kill Streptomyces


A. secrete enzymes to digest cellulose

Biology & Microbiology

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Fluzone is a brand name for a very commonly given influenza vaccine.  The vaccine is prepared by first harvesting flu viruses in chicken embryos and then breaking apart virus particles into protein subunits, thereby inactivating the virus. Your friend refuses to get the vaccine.  Which of these statements is the only valid reason for her not to get the flu vaccine? 

A. She could die from the vaccine. B. She could pass the virus onto her baby, causing the child to become autistic. C. She could catch the flu from the inactivated vaccine. D. She is allergic to eggs.

Biology & Microbiology

Which is not an adaptation of the gymnosperms?

A. Cones B. Flowers C. Pollen D. Seeds

Biology & Microbiology

Reproductive success is measured by the:a

body mass of an organism. b. number of viable offspring. c. longevity of an organism. d. population size. e. amount of food it eats

Biology & Microbiology

Which hormone, made by the kidney, is necessary for red blood cell production by bone marrow?

A. Erythropoietin B. Hemoglobin C. Insulin D. Erythrocytes E. Leucocytes

Biology & Microbiology