Formal constraints, the "legal conditions" of probation, whether standard, punitive, or treatment, are set by the or are written into law
a. probation officer
b. parole board
c. court
d. prosecution
c
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What resources are necessary to operate a successful undercover investigation?
What will be an ideal response?
The concretely specified large group of many cases from which a researcher draws a sample and to which results from a sample are generalized is called __________
a. sampling frame b. target population c. sample d. population e. sampling case
In labeling theory, “secondary deviance” is used to refer to crimes that ______.
a. occur as the result of other social problems, such as poverty and racism b. occur as a result of an individual having been caught and labeled c. have traditionally been overlooked by criminologists d. are nonviolent, such as theft and vandalism
The rise in numbers of habitual elderly offenders and offenders-turned-elderly-in-prison has to do largely with ______.
a. truth in sentencing policies b. determinate sentencing policies c. indeterminate sentencing polices d. three-strikes felony sentencing policies